Pertussis (whooping cough) is a respiratory tract infection caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. This disease can cause severe and continuous coughing, especially during bouts of intense coughing. After a series of coughs, there is often a deep inhalation, which may produce a “whooping” sound or gasping for air.
Pertussis can occur in both children and adults, but infants, especially those under 6 months old, are at the highest risk of severe complications or death from the disease. This is because their immune systems are not fully developed, and they may not have received the complete set of vaccines.
Symptoms of Pertussis (Whooping Cough)
Pertussis progresses through three main stages:
First Stage (Catarrhal Stage):
Symptoms resemble a common cold, including low-grade fever, runny nose, mild cough, and sore throat.
This stage typically lasts 1-2 weeks.
Second Stage (Paroxysmal Stage):
Severe and continuous coughing begins, often worsening at night.
The cough is characterized by a “whooping” sound during deep inhalation.
The patient may experience exhaustion or difficulty breathing after coughing.
This stage usually lasts 1-6 weeks.
Third Stage (Convalescent Stage):
The cough gradually improves, but residual coughing may persist.
This stage typically lasts about 1-2 months.
Transmission
Pertussis is highly contagious and spreads through coughing or sneezing of an infected person. The bacteria can spread via respiratory droplets, such as mucus or droplets from a cough or sneeze.
High-Risk Groups
Infants and young children:
Especially those who have not yet been vaccinated or are under 6 months old.
Severe symptoms and complications can occur, which may be life-threatening.
Adults and adolescents:
Symptoms may be less severe compared to young children, but they can still transmit the disease to others.
Prevention
The best way to prevent pertussis is through vaccination with the DTP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis) vaccine, a combination vaccine given to children. Vaccination schedules typically include multiple doses, such as at 2, 4, and 6 months of age, and a booster dose before school age (4-6 years).
Treatment
Antibiotics:
Antibiotics can help reduce the spread of the bacteria and manage symptoms.
Hospital care:
In severe cases, especially in infants, hospitalization may be required to monitor and assist with breathing.
Pertussis is a preventable disease with vaccination, but it remains a serious threat to infants and unvaccinated individuals. Awareness of its symptoms and understanding preventive measures are crucial, especially during outbreaks.
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